Bonus Guide 4
Ready-to-use solar layout examples for typical Philippine residential installations
Ang tamang solar layout ay kritikal para sa safe at efficient na installation. Ang layout ay nagpapakita ng kung saan ilalagay ang panels, inverter, batteries, breakers, at kung paano dudumugin ang wiring.
Sa guide na ito, makikita mo ang actual na layout diagrams para sa 1kW, 3kW, at 5kW systems — parehong grid-tie at hybrid configurations. Ang bawat layout ay may kasamang detailed na wiring flow, component specifications, at safety considerations.
💡 Pro Tip
Ang solar layout ay binubuo ng apat na major components:
Array Layout
Position ng solar panels sa rooftop — orientation, tilt angle, spacing para sa shading avoidance
Electrical Single-Line Diagram
Wiring flow mula sa panels hanggang sa inverter, breakers, at grid/connection point
Equipment Placement
Location ng inverter, batteries, disconnect switches, at monitoring devices
Safety Devices
Position ng surge protectors, grounding points, at emergency shutdown switches
Ang 1kW system ay perfect para sa small houses na may monthly bill na ₱2,000–₱4,000. Karaniwang ginagamit ito para sa lighting, TV, fan, at refrigerator.
| Component | Quantity | Specifications |
|---|---|---|
| Solar Panels | 2–3 panels | 380W–400W monocrystalline each |
| Grid-Tie Inverter | 1 unit | 1kW–1.2kW, MPPT, 230VAC output |
| DC Disconnect Switch | 1 unit | 2-pole, 32A, 600V DC |
| AC Breaker | 1 unit | 16A–20A, 2-pole MCB |
| Surge Protector (DC) | 1 unit | 2-pole, 40kA |
| Solar Cable (4mm²) | 30–50 meters | UV-resistant, double-insulated |
| MC4 Connectors | 4–6 pairs | IP67 rated |
| Mounting Structure | 1 set | Roof-type (tile/flat/steep) |
Figure 1: 1kW Grid-Tie System Layout — Simplified single-line diagram
Key Layout Considerations for 1kW System:
Ang 3kW system ay ang most popular size para sa middle-class Filipino homes na may monthly bill na ₱5,000–₱10,000. Kayang-kaya nito ang aircon (1–2 units), refrigerator, TV, lights, at washing machine.
| Component | Quantity | Specifications |
|---|---|---|
| Solar Panels | 7–8 panels | 380W–450W monocrystalline each |
| Grid-Tie Inverter | 1 unit | 3kW–3.6kW, dual MPPT, 230VAC |
| DC Disconnect Switch | 2 units | 2-pole, 32A, 600V DC (one per string) |
| Combiner Box | 1 unit | 2-string input, surge protection |
| AC Breaker | 1 unit | 25A–32A, 2-pole MCB |
| Surge Protector (DC) | 2 units | 2-pole, 40kA |
| Surge Protector (AC) | 1 unit | 2-pole, 20kA |
| Solar Cable (6mm²) | 80–120 meters | UV-resistant, double-insulated |
| MC4 Connectors | 14–16 pairs | IP67 rated |
| Mounting Structure | 1 set | Complete rail system for 8 panels |
Figure 2: 3kW Grid-Tie System Layout — Dual MPPT configuration with combiner box
String Configuration:
Option A: 2 strings × 4 panels (series-parallel) — recommended for roofs with partial shading
Option B: 1 string × 8 panels (all series) — for unshaded, single-orientation roofs
Inverter Placement:
Install inverter 1.5m above ground level, minimum 30cm clearance on all sides for ventilation. Avoid direct sunlight and rain exposure.
Ang 5kW system ay para sa large homes o small offices na may monthly bill na ₱10,000–₱20,000. Kayang-kaya nito ang 3–4 aircon units, water heater, at multiple appliances.
| Component | Quantity | Specifications |
|---|---|---|
| Solar Panels | 12–14 panels | 400W–450W monocrystalline each |
| Hybrid Inverter | 1 unit | 5kW–6kW, MPPT, battery-ready, 230VAC |
| Lithium Battery (LFP) | 1 unit | 5kWh–10kWh, 48V system |
| DC Disconnect (PV) | 2 units | 2-pole, 32A, 600V DC |
| DC Disconnect (Battery) | 1 unit | 2-pole, 63A, 100V DC |
| Combiner Box | 1 unit | 3-string input, surge protection |
| AC Breaker | 1 unit | 40A, 2-pole MCB |
| Surge Protector (DC) | 3 units | 2-pole, 40kA |
| Surge Protector (AC) | 1 unit | 2-pole, 20kA |
| Solar Cable (6mm²) | 120–180 meters | UV-resistant |
| Battery Cable (35mm²) | 10–15 meters | Flexible copper |
| MC4 Connectors | 24–28 pairs | IP67 rated |
| Mounting Structure | 1 set | Complete rail system for 14 panels |
Figure 3: 5kW Hybrid System Layout — Battery backup with critical loads sub-panel
Hybrid System Advantage: Ang 5kW hybrid system ay nagbibigay ng brownout protection. Kapag walang grid power, ang battery ay automatically magpo-power ng critical loads (lights, refrigerator, TV, at 1 aircon).
Battery Sizing: Para sa 8–12 hours backup, gumamit ng 10kWh battery. Para sa 4–6 hours backup, 5kWh ay sapat na.
Ang hybrid system ay combination ng grid-tie at off-grid — may battery backup para sa brownouts, ngunit nakakonekta pa rin sa grid para sa net metering.
Hybrid System Wiring Flow:
Figure 4: Hybrid System Wiring — Battery integration with grid-tie capability
Ang off-grid system ay para sa mga area na walang grid access (remote islands, mountain areas). Hindi ito nakakonekta sa utility — 100% dependent sa solar at battery.
Off-Grid System Key Differences:
Figure 5: Off-Grid System Layout — Complete energy independence with battery bank
❌ Inverter sa Direct Sunlight
Consequence: Overheating, reduced efficiency, premature failure
✅ Correct Approach: Install in shaded area or provide roof overhang. Minimum 30cm clearance for ventilation.
❌ Hindi Sapat ang Grounding
Consequence: Lightning damage, electric shock hazard, equipment failure
✅ Correct Approach: Ground all panel frames, inverter chassis, and metal conduits using 8mm² copper wire to ground rod.
❌ DC Cable Too Long
Consequence: Voltage drop >3%, power loss, reduced system efficiency
✅ Correct Approach: Keep DC cable length under 10m. If unavoidable, increase cable size (6mm² → 10mm²).
❌ No DC Disconnect Switch
Consequence: Cannot safely isolate panels for maintenance — electrocution risk
✅ Correct Approach: Install DC disconnect between panels and inverter. Label clearly: 'SOLAR DC DISCONNECT'.
❌ Panels sa Shaded Area
Consequence: 50–80% power reduction, hot spots, panel damage
✅ Correct Approach: Do a shade analysis at 9am, 12nn, 3pm. Avoid areas with tree, chimney, or neighbor's roof shadow.
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